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The GAG (Graphic Artist Guild) produces an annual book with pricing and ethical guidelines for artist, illustrators, designers etc. Who owns the artwork is determined by the right transfered during the transaction.
Here is an example:
A photographer takes a picture and sells a one-time usage to a magazine. This magazine is doesn't own the picture, they just rented it (usually at a lower price). The photographer may then sell all rights to a photo house. The magazine calls the photographer to "rent" the photo again, but the photographer no longer owns the rights to it. The magazine may now purchase another one-time usage from the photohouse. If the photographer worked a deal to receive royalties, he may still receive a small profit from the photo house.
The more rights you sell, they more you should receive in payment.
I'm not sure what the courts would decide without a contract. I would consult with a lawyer.
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